| National Factbook |
| Flag: |
|
| Nation Name: |
Kingdom of Morava |
| Leader Name: |
Karel IV |
| Currency: |
Czech Koruna |
| National Animal: |
Kiwi |
| History: |
Moravia, a historical region in the eastern part of the Czech Republic, has a rich and complex history shaped by its strategic location in Central Europe. Here's an overview of Moravia's history:
### Early History and Antiquity
- **Prehistoric Times:** Archaeological evidence indicates that Moravia was inhabited by various prehistoric cultures, including the Neolithic Linear Pottery culture, the Bronze Age Urnfield culture, and the Iron Age Hallstatt culture.
- **Celtic and Roman Influence:** In the late Iron Age, the Celtic Boii tribe settled in the region. Later, Moravia came under the influence of the Roman Empire, particularly during the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, as evidenced by the presence of Roman artifacts and trade routes.
### Early Medieval Period
- **Great Moravia (9th Century):** The first significant Slavic state in the region, Great Moravia, emerged in the early 9th century. Founded by Mojmir I, it became a powerful and influential state under rulers like Svatopluk I. Great Moravia played a crucial role in the spread of Christianity, thanks in part to the missionary work of Saints Cyril and Methodius.
- **Decline and Fall:** Great Moravia began to decline after the death of Svatopluk I, and it eventually fell to Hungarian and Frankish invasions in the early 10th century.
### High Medieval Period
- **Bohemian Influence:** After the fall of Great Moravia, the region came under the influence of the Přemyslid dynasty from Bohemia. By the early 11th century, Moravia was incorporated into the Kingdom of Bohemia.
- **Feudal Division:** During the 11th and 12th centuries, Moravia was divided into several principalities, ruled by members of the Přemyslid dynasty. This period saw the establishment of many towns, castles, and monasteries.
### Late Medieval Period and Renaissance
- **Integration into Bohemia:** By the late 13th century, Moravia was firmly integrated into the Kingdom of Bohemia. The region experienced economic growth and cultural development, particularly during the reign of Charles IV (1316-1378), who was also the Holy Roman Emperor.
- **Hussite Wars:** The early 15th century saw Moravia caught up in the Hussite Wars, a series of conflicts driven by religious and social reform movements. These wars caused significant upheaval and devastation in the region.
### Habsburg Rule
- **16th Century Onwards:** In 1526, the Habsburgs gained control over the Kingdom of Bohemia, including Moravia, following the Battle of Mohács. Moravia became a crown land within the Habsburg Monarchy.
- **Reformation and Counter-Reformation:** The 16th and 17th centuries were marked by religious conflict, with the spread of Protestantism followed by the Catholic Counter-Reformation. The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) brought further hardship and depopulation to Moravia.
### Modern Era
- **18th and 19th Centuries:** Under Habsburg rule, Moravia underwent significant administrative and social changes. The region experienced industrialization in the 19th century, becoming an important center for textiles and machinery.
- **National Revival:** The 19th century also saw a national revival among the Czech-speaking population, with increasing demands for autonomy and cultural rights.
### 20th Century to Present
- **Czechoslovakia:** After World War I and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Moravia became part of the newly formed Czechoslovakia. The interwar period saw economic development but also political tensions.
- **World War II:** During World War II, Czechoslovakia was occupied by Nazi Germany, and Moravia became part of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The war brought significant suffering and destruction to the region.
- **Post-War Period:** After the war, Czechoslovakia was re-established. In 1948, the country came under communist rule, leading to significant political and social changes. The Velvet Revolution of 1989 ended communist rule, and in 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, with Moravia becoming a key region of the Czech Republic.
- **Present Day:** Today, Moravia is known for its cultural heritage, economic contributions, and vibrant cities like Brno and Olomouc. It remains a significant and distinct part of the Czech Republic.
Moravia's history is marked by periods of independence, foreign domination, cultural flourishing, and economic development, all of which have contributed to its unique identity within Central Europe. |
| Geography |
| Continent: |
Africa |
| Land Area: |
22,530.76 sq. km |
| Terrain: |
Moravia, a historical region in the eastern part of the Czech Republic, boasts a diverse and picturesque terrain characterized by rolling hills, fertile lowlands, and mountainous areas. Here's a detailed description of Moravia's terrain:
Lowlands and Valleys
Moravian Lowlands (Moravská nížina):** These are some of the most fertile and agriculturally productive areas in the Czech Republic. The lowlands are predominantly flat with gentle slopes, making them ideal for farming, particularly the cultivation of grains, sugar beet, and vegetables.
Dyje-Svratka Valley:** This valley is formed by the Dyje and Svratka rivers, offering a landscape of gentle rolling hills and fertile fields. It's a key agricultural area with vineyards and orchards.
Hills and Highlands
Drahanská vrchovina:** Located in the western part of Moravia, this highland area features rolling hills and elevated plateaus. It's known for its mixed forests and rural landscapes.
Bohemian-Moravian Highlands (Českomoravská vrchovina):** Straddling the border between Bohemia and Moravia, this region consists of rolling hills, deep valleys, and scattered forests. It's an important watershed area with many small streams and rivers.
Mountainous Regions
Beskydy Mountains:** Part of the Carpathian mountain range, these mountains are located in the northeastern part of Moravia. They are characterized by rugged terrain, dense forests, and peaks that reach over 1,000 meters. The highest peak in Moravia, Lysá hora, is located here.
Jeseníky Mountains:** Located in the northern part of Moravia, these mountains are part of the Eastern Sudetes. They feature steep slopes, deep valleys, and several peaks exceeding 1,300 meters, with Praděd being the highest point in the range. This area is also known for its mineral springs and spa towns.
Rivers and Water Bodies
Morava River:** The main river of the region, it flows from the northern part of Moravia through the central lowlands and into Slovakia, where it eventually joins the Danube. The river and its tributaries have carved out numerous valleys and floodplains.
River:** Flowing along the southern border with Austria, the Dyje River creates a picturesque landscape with meandering streams, wetlands, and fertile floodplains.
Forests and Natural Reserves
Forests:** Moravia is home to extensive forested areas, particularly in its highland and mountainous regions. These forests are primarily composed of coniferous trees like spruce and pine, as well as deciduous trees such as oak and beech.
Protected Areas:** There are several protected natural reserves and national parks, such as Podyjí National Park in the Dyje Valley, which preserve the region’s unique flora, fauna, and geological features.
Urban and Rural Landscapes
Cities:** Major cities like Brno, the regional capital, Olomouc, and Zlín are located in the more accessible and flatter areas, often along rivers or in valleys.
Rural Areas:** The countryside of Moravia is dotted with charming villages, historical castles, and monasteries, often surrounded by fields, vineyards, and forests.
Overall, Moravia’s terrain is a harmonious blend of agricultural lowlands, rolling highlands, and rugged mountains, offering a varied landscape that supports diverse ecosystems and human activities. |
| Highest Peak: |
Praděd, 1,491 meters |
| Lowest Valley: |
Dolnomoravský úval, 150 meters |
| Climate: |
Moravia, located in the eastern part of the Czech Republic, experiences a temperate continental climate, characterized by distinct seasons and significant temperature variations throughout the year. Here's a detailed overview of Moravia's climate:
### Seasonal Overview
#### Spring (March to May)
- **Temperature:** Spring begins cool, with temperatures gradually warming from around 5°C (41°F) in March to 15-20°C (59-68°F) in May.
- **Precipitation:** This season sees increasing rainfall, with April and May being moderately wet months.
- **Description:** Spring is marked by blooming flowers and budding trees. The landscape becomes lush and green, and agricultural activities ramp up.
#### Summer (June to August)
- **Temperature:** Summers are generally warm, with average temperatures ranging from 20-25°C (68-77°F). Occasionally, heatwaves can push temperatures above 30°C (86°F).
- **Precipitation:** Summer months receive moderate rainfall, often in the form of thunderstorms, especially in the afternoons and evenings.
- **Description:** This is the warmest time of the year, ideal for outdoor activities and tourism. The days are long and sunny, with the countryside in full bloom.
#### Autumn (September to November)
- **Temperature:** Autumn starts mild, with September temperatures around 15-20°C (59-68°F), cooling to 5-10°C (41-50°F) by November.
- **Precipitation:** Rainfall is relatively evenly distributed, with October and November being slightly wetter.
- **Description:** Autumn is characterized by colorful foliage, especially in the forests and highlands. It’s a harvest season, particularly important for vineyards and orchards.
#### Winter (December to February)
- **Temperature:** Winters are cold, with average temperatures often below freezing. January is the coldest month, with temperatures typically ranging from -5 to 0°C (23-32°F), but can drop lower during cold spells.
- **Precipitation:** Snowfall is common, particularly in the mountainous areas. Precipitation is generally lower in winter compared to other seasons.
- **Description:** The region can experience snow cover, especially in higher elevations. Winter sports like skiing are popular in the mountainous regions.
### Regional Variations
#### Lowlands and Valleys
- **Temperature:** These areas tend to have milder winters and warmer summers compared to the highlands and mountains.
- **Precipitation:** The lowlands receive moderate rainfall, with the most precipitation in late spring and summer.
#### Highlands and Mountains
- **Temperature:** The highlands and mountainous areas experience cooler temperatures year-round. Summers are cooler and winters can be significantly colder with more snow.
- **Precipitation:** These areas receive higher precipitation, particularly in the form of snow during the winter months.
### Notable Climate Features
- **Continental Influence:** Moravia's climate is strongly influenced by its continental location, resulting in greater temperature extremes compared to coastal regions.
- **Microclimates:** The diverse terrain creates microclimates, particularly in valleys and mountainous regions, leading to variations in temperature and precipitation over short distances.
- **Winds:** Prevailing winds often come from the west and northwest, bringing moisture from the Atlantic Ocean, although eastern winds can bring colder air from Siberia during winter.
### Impact on Lifestyle and Activities
- **Agriculture:** The climate supports a variety of crops, with the fertile lowlands being particularly productive. Wine production is significant, especially in the southern parts of Moravia.
- **Tourism:** Seasonal climate variations support diverse tourism activities, from summer hiking and cultural festivals to winter skiing and snowboarding.
- **Living Conditions:** Residents experience a full range of seasons, requiring adaptations in housing, clothing, and daily activities to cope with the temperature changes and precipitation patterns.
Overall, Moravia’s temperate continental climate, with its distinct seasonal changes and regional variations, significantly influences the region’s agriculture, lifestyle, and tourism. |
| People & Society |
| Population: |
1,004,328 people |
| Demonym: |
Czech |
| Demonym Plural: |
Moraviamen |
| Ethnic Groups: |
Slovakian - 15.0%
Austrian - 5.0%
Polish - 2.5% |
| Languages: |
Czech - Moravian dialect - 80.0%
Slovak - 19.4% |
| Religions: |
Ateism - 34.5% |
| Health |
| Life Expectancy: |
80 years |
| Obesity: |
40% |
| Alcohol Users: |
90% |
| Tobacco Users: |
1% |
| Cannabis Users: |
1% |
| Hard Drug Users: |
0.1% |
| Economy |
| Description: |
Moravia, an integral region of the Czech Republic, has a dynamic and diverse economy characterized by a mix of traditional industries, modern manufacturing, agriculture, and growing sectors like technology and services. Here is an overview of the economic landscape of Moravia:
### Industrial Sector
- **Manufacturing:** Moravia is a manufacturing powerhouse within the Czech Republic. The region is known for its automotive industry, with major companies like Škoda Auto and Hyundai having significant operations here. Brno, the capital of Moravia, is a hub for machinery, electronics, and precision engineering.
- **Engineering:** Heavy and precision engineering are key components of Moravia’s industrial base, with many companies specializing in machinery, tools, and industrial equipment.
- **Chemical Industry:** There is a strong chemical industry, especially in regions around Zlín and Přerov, producing a wide range of chemical products including plastics, rubber, and pharmaceuticals.
### Technology and Innovation
- **Information Technology:** Brno is known as a burgeoning center for IT and technology. The city hosts many tech startups, software development companies, and research institutions. The presence of several universities, such as Masaryk University, fosters a strong environment for innovation and technological advancement.
- **Research and Development:** The region benefits from substantial investments in research and development, particularly in fields like biotechnology, nanotechnology, and advanced materials. Institutes like the Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) in Brno are at the forefront of scientific research.
### Agriculture
- **Farming:** Moravia's fertile lowlands and favorable climate make it an important agricultural region. The area is known for growing cereals, sugar beets, and vegetables. There is also significant production of fruits like apples, pears, and plums.
- **Viticulture:** The region is renowned for its wine production, particularly in South Moravia. It is one of the most important wine-producing areas in the country, known for its white wines such as Riesling and Grüner Veltliner, as well as red varieties like Blaufränkisch.
### Services and Tourism
- **Tourism:** Moravia has a growing tourism industry, driven by its historical cities, cultural heritage, and natural landscapes. Brno, with its vibrant cultural scene, and Olomouc, known for its baroque architecture, are popular destinations. The wine regions, spa towns like Luhačovice, and outdoor activities in the Beskydy and Jeseníky mountains attract numerous visitors.
- **Financial Services:** Brno and other major cities in Moravia have well-developed financial sectors, including banking, insurance, and real estate services.
### Transportation and Infrastructure
- **Logistics:** Moravia's strategic location in Central Europe makes it a vital logistics hub. The region has a well-developed infrastructure, including major highways, rail connections, and proximity to international airports in Brno and Ostrava. This facilitates trade and the movement of goods throughout Europe.
- **Public Transport:** The region boasts a comprehensive public transportation system, with extensive bus and train networks connecting urban and rural areas.
### Renewable Energy
- **Energy Production:** Moravia is investing in renewable energy sources, including wind, solar, and biomass. The region is working towards increasing its sustainability and reducing its carbon footprint.
### Education and Workforce
- **Educational Institutions:** Moravia is home to several prestigious universities and technical colleges, which provide a well-educated and skilled workforce. Institutions like Masaryk University and Brno University of Technology play crucial roles in supporting the local economy through research and development initiatives.
- **Skilled Labor:** The presence of these educational institutions ensures a steady supply of skilled labor, particularly in fields such as engineering, IT, and science.
In summary, Moravia’s economy is a well-rounded mix of traditional manufacturing, advanced technology, agriculture, and services. The region's strong industrial base is complemented by vibrant tech and research sectors, making it a significant economic engine within the Czech Republic. |
| Average Yearly Income: |
$109.71 |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP): |
$1,260,989,094.00 |
| GDP per Capita: |
$1,255.55 |
| Gross National Income (GNI): |
$970,192,265.00 |
| Industries: |
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| Military |
| History: |
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| Soldiers: |
0 |
| Tanks: |
0 |
| Aircraft: |
0 |
| Ships: |
0 |
| Missiles: |
0 |
| Nuclear Weapons: |
0 |
| Last Updated: 05/19/2024 08:47 am |
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