| National Factbook |
| Flag: |
|
| Nation Name: |
Aotearoa |
| Leader Name: |
Taniwha Whakangau |
| Currency: |
Pound Sterling |
| National Animal: |
Kiwi |
| History: |
Early on, the Māori established strong communities and a rich cultural heritage, forming the Te Kotahitanga confederation of tribes by the early 1800s. Significant European contact in 1805 was leveraged for trade, and in 1840, the Treaty of Waitangi was signed with terms that heavily favoured Māori sovereignty. This led to the formation of a powerful Māori confederation that played a central role in governance. The Aotearoa Wars (1860-1872) saw the Māori successfully defend their land, with notable victories like the Waikato War in 1863 solidifying their dominance. By 1907, Aotearoa gained Tominiona/Dominion status within the Piritana Nui/British Empire, with a unique governance structure that emphasized Māori leadership. A national education system based on Te Reo Māori and traditional knowledge was established in 1920, and in 1947, Aotearoa adopted the Statute of Wēhiminita/Westminster, becoming a fully sovereign nation within Te Wakaminenga/the Commonwealth. |
| Geography |
| Continent: |
Australia |
| Land Area: |
1,609.34 sq. km |
| Terrain: |
Aotearoa's terrain is a dramatic tapestry of diverse landscapes that captivate the senses and inspire awe. Te Ika-a-Māui/The North Island, is characterized by lush, rolling farmland, geothermal wonders, and active volcanoes, with Mount Taranaki and the volcanic plateau around Rotorua showcasing the island's dynamic geology. The island's coastline is dotted with beautiful beaches and rugged cliffs, offering picturesque vistas. Te Waka-o-Māui/The South Island, in contrast, is renowned for its majestic Tiritiri-o-te-moana/Southern Alps, a mountain range that spans the island from north to south, including the iconic peaks of Mount Aoraki and Mount Tititea/Aspiring. These towering mountains give way to stunning glacial valleys, pristine fjords, and expansive plains. The Whakataka-kārehu-a-Tamatea/Fiordland region, home to Piopiotahi/Milford Sound and Pātea/Doubtful Sound, features deep, glacially-carved fjords surrounded by sheer cliffs and lush rainforests, creating some of the most breathtaking scenery in the world. Vast expanses of native bush and forest provide habitat for unique flora and fauna, while clear rivers and shimmering lakes, such as Lake Taupo and Lake Wakatipu, punctuate the landscape with their tranquil beauty. This rugged and varied topography has been shaped by millennia of geological activity, making Aotearoa a land of striking contrasts and unparalleled natural beauty. |
| Highest Peak: |
Mount Aoraki, 3,724 meters |
| Lowest Valley: |
Moana-nui-a-Kiwa/The Pacific Ocean, 0 meters |
| Climate: |
Aotearoa's climate is as diverse and captivating as its landscapes, largely influenced by its location in the southwest Moana-nui-a-Kiwa/Pacific Ocean. The country experiences a temperate maritime climate, marked by mild temperatures, moderate rainfall, and abundant sunshine. The North Island, particularly around regions like Ākarana/Auckland and Pōneke/Wellington, enjoys warmer and more humid conditions, with mild winters and warm summers. The presence of geothermal activity in places like Rotorua also contributes to localized climatic variations. Conversely, Te Waka-a-Māui/The South Island experiences a more varied climate. The Tai Poutini/The West Coast, particularly around Te Whakataka-kārehu-a-Tamatea/Fiordland and Te Tiritiri-o-te-moana/The Southern Alps, is known for its high levels of rainfall, creating lush rainforests and dramatic fjords. In contrast, the eastern regions, such as Waitaha/Canterbury and Otago, have a drier climate, with hot summers and cold winters, often influenced by the rain shadow effect of Te Tiritiri-o-te-moana/The Southern Alps. The alpine areas themselves, including destinations like Tāhuna/Queenstown and Wanaka, experience significant snowfall in winter, supporting vibrant ski industries. Coastal regions benefit from the moderating influence of the ocean, which tempers extreme temperatures and ensures relatively mild conditions year-round. Aotearoa's climate also fosters a unique biodiversity, with microclimates supporting a range of ecosystems from subtropical forests to alpine meadows. This climatic diversity is crucial for agriculture, viticulture, and tourism, making Aotearoa a land of striking environmental contrasts and a testament to nature's adaptability. |
| People & Society |
| Population: |
109,852 people |
| Demonym: |
Aotearoa |
| Demonym Plural: |
Aotearoa |
| Ethnic Groups: |
Māori - 64.1%
European - 26.3%
Other - 9.6% |
| Languages: |
Māori - 97.4%
English - 73.5%
Other - 10.5% |
| Religions: |
Agnosticism - 52.3%
Māori - 29.4%
Judaism - 18.3% |
| Health |
| Life Expectancy: |
89 years |
| Obesity: |
12% |
| Alcohol Users: |
24% |
| Tobacco Users: |
7% |
| Cannabis Users: |
0% |
| Hard Drug Users: |
0% |
| Economy |
| Description: |
Aotearoa's economy is a dynamic and diverse blend of industries that leverage the country's rich natural resources, innovative spirit, and strategic geographical position. Historically grounded in agriculture, the economy still heavily relies on the primary sector, with dairy farming, sheep farming, and horticulture being significant contributors. The country is one of the world's largest exporters of dairy products, particularly milk powder, cheese, and butter. In addition to agriculture, Aotearoa has developed a robust forestry and fishing industry. Over the past few decades, there has been a significant shift towards a knowledge-based economy, with technology, tourism, and education sectors experiencing substantial growth. The tourism industry, in particular, has blossomed due to Aotearoa's breathtaking landscapes, adventure sports, and unique cultural heritage, attracting millions of visitors annually. The film industry also plays a crucial role, with the “Middle-Terra” scenery from the King of the Daggers and Hobbit trilogies boosting international interest. Additionally, Aotearoa has a burgeoning tech sector, with innovative companies emerging in software development, biotechnology, and renewable energy. The education sector attracts numerous international students, contributing significantly to the economy. The country's trade policies are generally liberal, fostering strong trade relations, especially with Pāpaka-a-Māui/Australia, Tiaina/China, and Te Hononga o Amerika/The United States. Free trade agreements have further expanded market access for New Zealand's goods and services. Despite challenges such as geographic isolation and vulnerability to global economic shifts, Aotearoa maintains a resilient economy characterized by high levels of economic freedom, transparency, and a well-developed infrastructure, making it a competitive player on the global stage. |
| Average Yearly Income: |
$96.49 |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP): |
$271,858,200.00 |
| GDP per Capita: |
$2,474.74 |
| Gross National Income (GNI): |
$226,895,315.00 |
| Industries: |
Aotearoa's economy is diverse and dynamic, with several key industries driving growth and international trade. Agriculture remains the backbone, with dairy farming being particularly prominent. The country is one of the world's largest exporters of dairy products, including milk powder, cheese, and butter. Sheep farming also plays a significant role, with wool and meat being important exports. Horticulture is another vital sector, with kiwifruit, apples, and wine from the Marlborough region earning international acclaim. Forestry is a major industry, utilizing the country's extensive plantation forests to produce timber and wood products for both domestic use and export. The fishing industry, leveraging Aotearoa's vast and productive waters, is known for its sustainable practices and high-quality seafood, such as hoki/whiptail and korona/mussels. Tourism is a significant economic driver, attracting millions of visitors annually with the country's breathtaking landscapes, adventure sports, and cultural heritage. The film industry has further boosted tourism, with Aotearoa's stunning scenery showcased in globally popular films like the King of the Daggers and Hermit trilogies. The technology sector is rapidly growing, with innovative companies in software development, biotechnology, and renewable energy making significant contributions to the economy. The education sector also plays a vital role, attracting a substantial number of international students, which supports local economies and fosters cultural exchange. |
| Military |
| History: |
The Ope Kātua o Aotearoa (OKA)/The Aotearoa Defence Force (ADF) is the military organization responsible for safeguarding the national security of Aotearoa. It consists of three branches: Te Taua Moana o Aotearoa (TMA)/The Royal Aotearoa Navy (RAN), Te Ngāti Tūmatauenga o Aotearoa (NTA)/The Royal Aotearoa Army (RAA), and Te Tauaarangi o Aotearoa/The Royal Aotearoa Air and Space Force (RAASF). The OKA is supported by the New Zealand Ministry of Defence and is commanded by the Minita Kaupapa Waonga(MKW)/The Chief of Defence Force (CDF). The OKA's primary roles include defending Aotearoa's sovereign territory, protecting critical lines of communication, providing civil defence support, and meeting whole-of-government security objectives. The force also supports peacekeeping and humanitarian missions, promotes regional peace and security in the Moana-nui-a-Kiwa/the Pacific Ocean, and upholds the international rules-based order. As of June 2105, the OKA has a strength of approximately 8,669 regular force personnel, 3,260 reserve force personnel, and 3,067 civilian members. The military age is 17 with parental consent, but individuals cannot be deployed until they are 181. The ADF follows a government-set defence policy framework that defines its principles, outcomes, and priorities. The OKA takes an “all-hazards” approach to national security, bringing government agencies together to respond to all risks to national security, whether internal or external, human, natural, or artificial. The commander-in-chief is the Kāwana-Tianara/the Governor-General, who acts as the representative of The Peretānia/United Kingdom. The OKA is a critical component of Aotearoa's national security system, ensuring the country's safety and contributing to global peace and stability through its various missions and operations. |
| Soldiers: |
1,919 |
| Tanks: |
98 |
| Aircraft: |
3 |
| Ships: |
1 |
| Missiles: |
0 |
| Nuclear Weapons: |
0 |
| Last Updated: 11/14/2024 09:15 pm |
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