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| National Factbook |
| Flag: |
 |
| Nation Name: |
The State Of Israel |
| Leader Name: |
Iggy Zaken |
| Currency: |
Israeli Pound |
| National Animal: |
Sheep |
| History: |
Israel is a Middle Eastern country located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is known for its rich and complex history, as well as its significance to three major world religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Israel was established as an independent state in 1948, and its capital is Jerusalem. The country has a diverse population, with Jews, Arabs, and other ethnic and religious groups coexisting within its borders. Israel is known for its advanced technology and innovation, particularly in fields like cybersecurity, agriculture, and medical research. It has been a focal point of regional and international conflicts, particularly the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which remains a major issue in the region. Despite its relatively small size, Israel plays a prominent role in global politics and is a hub of cultural and historical significance.
Israeli War of Independence (1948-1949): Following Israel's declaration of independence in 1948, neighboring Arab states, including Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Iraq, invaded Israel. This conflict is also known as the First Arab-Israeli War. Despite being outnumbered and outgunned, Israel managed to survive and expand its territory, including the western part of Jerusalem. The war ended in 1949 with armistice agreements but did not result in a comprehensive peace settlement.
Suez Crisis (1956): In response to Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal, Israel, along with France and the United Kingdom, launched an attack on Egypt. The crisis resulted in international pressure, leading to the withdrawal of foreign forces from Egypt.
Six-Day War (1967): In 1967, Israel engaged in a brief but decisive conflict with Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. During this war, Israel captured the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank (including East Jerusalem), and the Golan Heights. The status of these territories remains a source of conflict to this day.
Yom Kippur War (1973): Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel during the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur in 1973. Israel eventually repelled the attacks, and the war led to renewed peace efforts.
Peace Agreements:
Camp David Accords (1978): Egypt became the first Arab country to officially recognize Israel, and the Camp David Accords, brokered by the United States, led to a peace treaty between the two nations in 1979.
Oslo Accords (1993): Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) signed the Oslo Accords, which established a framework for Palestinian self-governance in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
Jordan-Israel Peace Treaty (1994): Jordan and Israel signed a peace treaty, normalizing their relations.
Second Intifada (2000-2005): A period of increased Palestinian-Israeli violence, known as the Second Intifada, erupted, resulting in significant casualties and damage.
Disengagement from Gaza (2005): Israel unilaterally withdrew its settlements and military presence from the Gaza Strip in 2005, but tensions and conflicts continued.
Gaza Conflicts: Israel has engaged in multiple military operations in the Gaza Strip, notably in 2008-2009, 2012, 2014, and more recently in 2021. These conflicts have led to significant humanitarian challenges and diplomatic efforts.
Security Challenges: Israel faces ongoing security challenges, including rocket attacks from militant groups, threats from Iran, and tensions over the West Bank and East Jerusalem, leading to periodic clashes.
Diplomatic Developments: There have been various diplomatic initiatives, such as the Trump administration's "Peace to Prosperity" plan and the normalization agreements between Israel and some Arab states, including the Abraham Accords.
Internal Politics: Israel's political landscape has been marked by a multi-party system, coalition governments, and occasional changes in leadership. Iggy Zaken served as the country's Prime Minister for much of this period. |
| Geography |
| Continent: |
Asia |
| Land Area: |
35,405.48 sq. km |
| Terrain: |
The territory of the State of Israel consists of several distinct regions:
Mediterranean Coast: The western border of Israel is formed by the Mediterranean Sea. This coastal area includes major cities like Tel Aviv, known for its modernity and vibrant culture.
The Galilee: Located in the north, the Galilee region is characterized by lush landscapes, including mountains and fertile plains. It's home to Jewish and Arab communities and is known for its natural beauty.
The Negev Desert: In the southern part of the country lies the Negev Desert, a largely arid region with unique desert landscapes and several desert communities.
West Bank: Israel's control of the West Bank is a source of ongoing conflict with the Palestinians. The West Bank includes Palestinian cities and territories, as well as Israeli settlements.
Gaza Strip: Although Israel withdrew its settlements and military presence from Gaza in 2005, it remains a contentious area with Palestinian governance by Hamas.
Golan Heights: In the northeast, Israel controls the Golan Heights, a region it captured from Syria during the Six-Day War in 1967.
East Jerusalem: Israel annexed East Jerusalem, including the Old City, after the Six-Day War. However, this move is not internationally recognized, and the status of Jerusalem remains a central issue in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
The borders and territories of Israel have been a source of ongoing geopolitical tension and negotiations, particularly in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. |
| Highest Peak: |
Mount Hermon, 2,236 meters |
| Lowest Valley: |
The Dead Sea, 436 meters |
| Climate: |
The climate in Israel varies from region to region due to its diverse geography, which includes coastal areas, mountains, deserts, and valleys. Overall, Israel has a Mediterranean climate with distinct seasons. Here is an overview of the different climate zones in Israel:
Mediterranean Coast: The coastal areas, including cities like Tel Aviv and Haifa, experience a Mediterranean climate. This means hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Summers are typically sunny and can be quite hot, with temperatures often exceeding 30°C (86°F). Winters are mild and can bring rain, with temperatures rarely dropping below 10°C (50°F).
The Galilee: The northern regions, including the Galilee, have a Mediterranean climate, but temperatures can be cooler than in the coastal areas due to the higher elevation. Summers are warm, and winters can be chilly, with some areas even experiencing occasional snowfall.
The Negev Desert: The Negev Desert in the southern part of the country has a desert climate. Summers in the Negev are scorching, with daytime temperatures often exceeding 40°C (104°F). Winters are milder, with daytime temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F).
Dead Sea Region: The area around the Dead Sea, the lowest point on Earth, experiences extremely hot and dry conditions during the summer. It is one of the hottest places on the planet, with temperatures occasionally exceeding 40°C (104°F). Winters are mild and more temperate than in other desert areas.
Jordan Valley: The Jordan Valley, part of the Great Rift Valley, has a climate similar to the Dead Sea region, with very hot summers and mild winters. It's known for its arid conditions and high temperatures.
Eilat: Eilat, a city located at the southern tip of Israel along the Red Sea, has a desert climate. It is known for its extremely hot and sunny summers, with temperatures often surpassing 40°C (104°F). Winters in Eilat are mild and attract tourists seeking warmth during the colder months.
Israel's diverse climate allows for various types of agriculture and tourism throughout the country. The coastal areas and the northern regions benefit from a Mediterranean climate ideal for agriculture, while the southern desert areas are popular for sun and beach tourism. The Dead Sea and Eilat are renowned for their unique natural beauty and climate, which attracts visitors year-round. |
| People & Society |
| Population: |
1,657,653 people |
| Demonym: |
|
| Demonym Plural: |
|
| Ethnic Groups: |
- 0.0% |
| Languages: |
Hebrew - 75.7%
Arabic - 18.0% |
| Religions: |
Judaism - 73.5%
Arab-Muslims - 21.0% |
| Health |
| Life Expectancy: |
83 years |
| Obesity: |
59.4% |
| Alcohol Users: |
40% |
| Tobacco Users: |
19.1% |
| Cannabis Users: |
9% |
| Hard Drug Users: |
2% |
| Economy |
| Description: |
|
| Average Yearly Income: |
$60.42 |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP): |
$1,723,239,620.00 |
| GDP per Capita: |
$1,039.57 |
| Gross National Income (GNI): |
$1,240,779,540.00 |
| Industries: |
|
| Military |
| History: |
The Israel Defense Forces (IDF), often referred to as the Israeli Army, is the military force responsible for the defense of the State of Israel. The IDF has a storied history and is known for its resilience, innovation, and commitment to the nation's security. Here are some key aspects of the IDF:
1. **Mandatory Military Service:** Israel has a system of mandatory military service for both men and women, with conscription typically beginning at the age of 18. This means that the IDF draws from a broad and diverse cross-section of Israeli society.
2. **Highly Trained Personnel:** The IDF is known for its rigorous training programs and high level of professionalism. Israeli soldiers receive training in a wide range of military skills, including infantry, intelligence, special forces, and more.
3. **Innovation:** Israel is renowned for its military innovation. The IDF has developed cutting-edge military technologies, including advanced weaponry, cybersecurity systems, and intelligence capabilities.
4. **Special Forces:** The IDF has a number of elite special forces units, such as Sayeret Matkal, Shayetet 13 (naval commandos), and Unit 8200 (intelligence), which are known for their high levels of expertise and have been involved in numerous daring operations.
5. **Strategic Intelligence:** Israel's intelligence agencies, including Mossad (foreign intelligence) and Shin Bet (domestic security), play a crucial role in the nation's security and counterterrorism efforts.
6. **Diverse Operations:** The IDF has been involved in a wide range of military operations, including multiple wars and conflicts with neighboring countries, counterterrorism efforts, border security, and humanitarian missions.
7. **Iron Dome:** The Iron Dome missile defense system, developed by Israel, is a prominent example of the country's technological prowess. It is designed to intercept and destroy incoming short-range rockets and artillery shells, providing an effective defense against threats from Gaza and other areas.
8. **Commitment to Ethics:** The IDF is committed to upholding high ethical standards in its operations. It follows strict rules of engagement and makes efforts to minimize civilian casualties during conflicts.
9. **Civilian Involvement:** Many Israelis, including those with civilian professions, serve in reserve units of the IDF and can be called up in times of need.
10. **Historical Significance:** The IDF has played a pivotal role in Israel's history, including during its War of Independence in 1948 and subsequent conflicts. It is central to Israel's identity and security.
The Israel Defense Forces, with its combination of highly trained personnel and advanced military technology, continues to be a critical element in ensuring Israel's security and defense. It is a source of national pride and an important symbol of the country's commitment to self-reliance and sovereignty. |
| Soldiers: |
0 |
| Tanks: |
0 |
| Aircraft: |
0 |
| Ships: |
17 |
| Missiles: |
0 |
| Nuclear Weapons: |
0 |
| Last Updated: 10/12/2023 07:11 am |
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